露天爆破智能设计系统开发及应用

为了提高露天台阶爆破设计的规范化、便捷性，对露天台阶爆破设计系统进行了开发研究。以Visual C++为开发平台，软件采用MFC框架，结合OpenGL三维引擎开发技术，实现软件从底层自主开发生态的建立。通过现场工程实践应用表明爆破设计人员可以轻松通过本系统实现三维环境下的布孔设计和爆破网络设计以及精确的GPS布孔，并取得了良好的爆破效果，提高了台阶爆破的设计质量和设计速度。爆破智能设计系统能够实现矿山爆破设计的数字化、科学化、自动化和高效化，对于露天爆破具有十分重要的意义。     

工程水压爆破在煤层爆破中的应用

通过黑岱沟露天煤矿的工程试验总结了工程水压爆破技术(水土复合填塞炮孔)的原理及在露天煤矿爆破施工中的应用效果。在露天煤矿爆破施工中采用工程水压爆破技术,可以提高煤层爆破的大块率,降低单位立方岩石耗药量,降低爆破气体的温度,同时可以降低煤层爆破失火率、粉尘排放量,有效地控制爆破飞石。     

Black hole entropy,the black hole information paradox,and time travel paradoxes from a new perspective

ABSTRACT

Relatively simple but apparently novel ways are proposed for viewing three related subjects: black hole entropy, the black hole information paradox, and time travel paradoxes. (1) Gibbons and Hawking have completely explained the origin of the entropy of all black holes, including physical black holes – nonextremal and in 3-dimensional space – if one can identify their Euclidean path integral with a true thermodynamic partition function (ultimately based on microstates). An example is provided of a theory containing this feature. (2) There is unitary quantum evolution with no loss of information if the detection of Hawking radiation is regarded as a measurement process within the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics. (3) The paradoxes of time travel evaporate when exposed to the light of quantum physics (again within the Everett interpretation), with quantum fields properly described by a path integral over a topologically nontrivial but smooth manifold.     

往复活塞式压缩机活塞杆温度高故障分析及改造

针对2台2D40型空气压缩机在实际试机过程中,活塞杆温度过高,导致连锁报警,压缩机不能正常工作的问题进行了详细的故障原因分析;对压缩机技术性能参数进行介绍;对压缩机的损伤情况进行说明并找到改造方案,解决机组运行中活塞杆温度过高的问题,从而提高机组的运行效率,使机组运行安全、稳定。     

Squaraine Dyes for Photovoltaic and Biomedical Applications

Squaraine dyes (SQs) are an important class of polymethine dyes with a unique reasonable-stabilized zwitterionic structure, in which electrons are highly delocalized over the conjugated bridge. These dyes can not only be easily synthesized via a condensation, but also exhibit intense absorption and emission in the visible and near-infrared region with excellent photochemical stability, making them attractive material candidates for many photoelectric and biomedical applications. Thus, in this review, after an introduction of SQs, the recent advances of SQs in the photovoltaic field are comprehensively summarized including dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and perovskite solar cells. Then, the important advances in the use of SQs as the biosensors, biological imaging, and photodynamic/photothermal therapy reagents in the biomedical field are also discussed. Finally, a summary and outlook will be provided with some new perspectives for the future design of SQs.     

下沟煤矿本煤层预抽钻孔合理封孔长度研究

封孔长度的合理性对于煤层预抽钻孔的抽采质量影响较大，当封孔长度较大时，不利于封孔段瓦斯的抽采，同时封孔成本增加，反之当封孔段长度较小时，若未封孔部分与煤壁裂隙导通，钻孔发生漏气又影响钻孔抽采质量。为确定合理的封孔长度，针对下沟煤矿302工作面特定的地质条件，采用单孔声波发射对巷道卸压区和应力集中区范围进行了研究，通过分析卸压区范围，确定了合理的封孔长度，并结合试验孔周边的预抽钻孔抽采数据，进行了验证分析，得出该工作面的合理封孔深度为8 m。     

中美典型高压页岩气藏钻井提速技术对比与启示

美国Haynesville高压页岩气气藏与中国长宁—威远国家级页岩气示范区下志留统龙马溪组高压页岩气藏的地质、钻井条件最为类似,前者的钻井提速技术思路对于我国页岩气快速钻井也具有重要的参考借鉴意义。为了实现我国页岩气藏的钻井提速,通过对比中国和美国典型高压页岩气藏钻井提速技术,分析探讨了上述两个气藏在钻井提速技术方面的异同点。研究结果表明:①目前美国Haynesville等页岩气藏已将水平段井眼尺寸从215.9 mm缩小到171.5 mm或161.1 mm,单井钻井投资降低超过25%,节能减排优势明显;②美国同行采用的"高效钻头+配套井下提速工具+钻井参数优化软件/装备"的硬研磨性难钻地层系统化钻井提速技术,值得国内重视、借鉴、攻关、应用;③"控压钻井+降密度"钻井技术能够在高压页岩层段钻井提速中起到至关重要的提速应用效果。结论认为,应积极在国内国家级页岩气示范区开展缩小井身结构尺寸及其相关的钻井配套装备、工具、软件的应用探索试验;在目的层段值得持续探索、优化、应用控压钻井技术。     

Investigation of the hydrogen induced cracking behaviour of API 5L X65 pipeline steel

The effect of microstructural features on the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility of two API 5L X65 pipeline steels were investigated by cathodic charging, hydrogen permeation and hydrogen microprint experiments. Microstructural evaluation after hydrogen charging revealed cracks at the mid-thickness (segregation zone) of both plates. However, more severe cracks were observed in the plate with higher dislocation density and residual stresses. The plate with lower plastic strain and more {111}-oriented grains had less severe cracks. Inclusions found along the crack path, comprising of Si-enriched oxides and carbides contributed to the initiation and propagation of cracks. The variation of the trapping behaviour and hydrogen diffusion through the plates were examined. The results confirmed that a higher ratio of reversible to irreversible traps contributes to increasing HIC severity in steels. Additionally, hydrogen transport through the steels was most prominent along the grain boundaries, indicating the importance of grain boundary character to HIC.     

Counter-intuitive collapse of single-layer reticulated domes subject to interior blast loading

A commercial finite element package, LS-DYNA, was employed to simulate the response of a single-layer reticulated dome to an interior blast. The dome, which was initially stressed by static preloading, encountered an interesting phenomenon namely counter-intuitive collapse, which was found during the blast analysis. The Johnson–Cook constitutive model for mild steel was used to identify different failure modes of the dome for more than 2430 samples. A seemingly counter-intuitive collapse was identified due to dynamic instability. This unusual collapse was explained using total potential curves, and the critical blast load was defined. The effect of different static preloads, which is the other determination factor of counter-intuitive collapse, was investigated. A relationship between collapse and static/dynamic loads was also obtained. The results indicate that single-layer reticulated domes, with large initial stresses, may collapse at lower dynamic loads than expected.     

Stress-deformable state of isotropic double curved shell with internal cracks and a circular hole

This work is devoted to the stress–strain state of isotropic double curved shell with defect system. The construction is weakened by two non-through thickness (internal) cracks of different length and by a circular hole located between cracks. In this study we use the line-spring model. Within the framework of this model cracks are modeled as mathematical cuts of shell’s middle surface. This leads to a two-dimensional problem. The problem is reduced to a system of eight boundary integral equations. To ensure the uniqueness of solution an additional equation is added. In the numerical solution of the problem special quadrature formulas for singular integrals of Cauchy type and the finite difference method are applied. The influence of defects on each other for double curved shell has been investigated. The given theoretical results can be used for the calculation of structural elements with holes, cracks on the strength and fracture toughness in various branches of engineering.